This teaching, known as Bhakti-Vardhini (How to Increase Devotion), was given by Shri Vallabhacharya to Purushottam Joshi around 1496 A.D. It serves as an essential guide for enhancing bhakti (devotion) and offers solutions for various situations that arise in a practitioner’s life. The text explains how to develop love for Shri Krishna, cultivate divine attachment to Him, and ultimately achieve an unbreakable bond of devotion.
In order to increase devotion (yathā bhaktiḥ pravṛddhā syāt), appropriate methods are explained (tathā upāyaḥ nirūpyate). When the seed of devotion is firmly established (bīja-bhāve dṛḍhe tu syāt), it flourishes through renunciation (tyāgāt), attentive listening (śravaṇa), and chanting (kīrtanāt) of the Lord's glories.
The method for strengthening the seed of devotion (bīja-dārḍhya-prakāraḥ tu) involves residing at home (gṛhe sthitvā) while adhering to one's own duties (sva-dharmataḥ). Without distraction (avyāvṛttaḥ), one should worship Krishna (bhajet kṛṣṇaṁ) through acts of devotion such as worship (pūjayā), listening to sacred stories (śravaṇa), and other related practices (śravaṇa-ādibhiḥ).
vyāvṛttaḥ api harau cittaṁ śravaṇa-ādau nyaset sadā । tataḥ prema tathā āsaktiḥ vyasanaṁ ca yadā bhavet ॥ 3 ॥
व्यावृत्तः अपि हरौ चित्तं श्रवण-आदौ न्यसेत् सदा । ततः प्रेम तथा आसक्तिः व्यसनं च यदा भवेत् ॥ ३ ॥
vyāvṛtto'pi harau cittaṁ śravaṇādau nyasetsadā । tataḥ prema tathāsaktirvyasanaṁ ca yadā bhavet ॥ 3 ॥
व्यावृत्तोऽपि हरौ चित्तं श्रवणादौ न्यसेत्सदा। ततः प्रेम तथासक्तिर्व्यसनं च यदा भवेत् ॥ ३ ॥
Even amidst worldly activities (vyāvṛttaḥ api), one should always focus the mind on Hari (harau cittaṁ) through practices such as listening to His glories (śravaṇa-ādau nyaset sadā). From this dedication, love (prema), deep attachment (āsakti), and ultimately, complete absorption (vyasanaṁ ca) in the Divine will manifest (yadā bhavet).
bījaṁ tat ucyate śāstre dṛḍhaṁ yat na api naśyati । snehāt rāga-vināśaḥ syāt āsaktyā syāt gṛha-aruciḥ ॥ 4 ॥
बीजं तत् उच्यते शास्त्रे दृढं यत् न अपि नश्यति । स्नेहात् राग-विनाशः स्यात् आसक्त्या स्यात् गृह-अरुचिः ॥ ४ ॥
The scriptures declare (bījaṁ tat ucyate śāstre) that the seed of devotion, once firmly rooted (dṛḍhaṁ yat), can never be destroyed (na api naśyati). Through divine love (snehāt), worldly attachments are eradicated (rāga-vināśaḥ syāt), and through intense attachment to the Divine (āsaktyā), a disinterest in worldly life naturally arises (syāt gṛha-aruciḥ).
gṛhasthānāṁ bādhakatvam anātmatvaṁ ca bhāsate । yadā syāt vyasanaṁ kṛṣṇe kṛtārthaḥ syāt tadaiva hi ॥ 5 ॥
गृहस्थानां बाधकत्वम् अनात्मत्वं च भासते । यदा स्यात् व्यसनं कृष्णे कृतार्थः स्यात् तदैव हि ॥ ५ ॥
gṛhasthānāṁ bādhakatvamanātmatvaṁ ca bhāsate । yadā syādvyasanaṁ kṛṣṇe kṛtārthaḥ syāttadaiva hi ॥ 5 ॥
गृहस्थानां बाधकत्वमनात्मत्वं च भासते। यदा स्याद्व्यसनं कृष्णे कृतार्थः स्यात्तदैव हि ॥ ५ ॥
For householders (gṛhasthānāṁ), worldly life reveals itself as an obstacle (bādhakatvam) and as something devoid of true essence (anātmatvaṁ ca bhāsate). When one becomes completely absorbed in Krishna (yadā syāt vyasanaṁ kṛṣṇe), only then does one truly attain fulfillment (kṛtārthaḥ syāt tadaiva hi).
tādṛśasya api satataṁ gṛha-sthānaṁ vināśakam । tyāgaṁ kṛtvā yatet yaḥ tu tad-artha-eka-mānasaḥ ॥ 6 ॥
Even for such a devoted individual (tādṛśasya api), the worldly household (gṛha-sthānaṁ) is consistently detrimental to devotion (satataṁ vināśakam). Renouncing it (tyāgaṁ kṛtvā), one should strive (yatet yaḥ) with a mind solely focused on the Divine purpose (tad-artha-eka-mānasaḥ).
One attains firm and superior devotion (labhate su-dṛḍhāṁ bhaktiṁ), which surpasses everything else (sarvataḥ api adhikāṁ parām). However, premature renunciation (tyāge) can create obstacles (bādhaka-bhūyastvaṁ), arising from harmful associations (duḥ-saṁsargāt) or unoffered food (tathā anna-taḥ), which may hinder spiritual progress.
ataḥ stheyaṁ hari-sthāne tadīyaiḥ saha tat-paraiḥ । adūre vipra-karṣe vā yathā cittaṁ na duṣyati ॥ 8 ॥
अतः स्थेयं हरि-स्थाने तदीयैः सह तत्-परैः । अदूरे विप्र-कर्षे वा यथा चित्तं न दुष्यति ॥ ८ ॥
ataḥ stheyaṁ haristhāne tadīyaiḥ saha tatparaiḥ । adūre viprakarṣe vā yathā cittaṁ na duṣyati ॥ 8 ॥
अतः स्थेयं हरिस्थाने तदीयैः सह तत्परैः । अदूरे विप्रकर्षे वा यथा चित्तं न दुष्यति ॥ ८ ॥
Therefore (ataḥ), one should reside in a sacred place dedicated to Hari (stheyaṁ hari-sthāne), in the company of His devotees (tadīyaiḥ saha tat-paraiḥ). Maintaining an appropriate distance (adūre vipra-karṣe vā) ensures that the mind remains pure and unaffected (yathā cittaṁ na duṣyati).
sevāyāṁ vā kathāyāṁ vā yasya āsaktiḥ dṛḍhā bhavet । yāvat jīvaṁ tasya nāśaḥ na kvā api iti matir mama ॥ 9 ॥
सेवायां वा कथायां वा यस्य आसक्तिः दृढा भवेत् । यावत् जीवं तस्य नाशः न क्व अपि इति मतिर् मम ॥ ९ ॥
सेवायां वा कथायां वा यस्यासक्तिर्दृढा भवेत् । यावज्जीवं तस्य नाशो न क्वापीति मतिर्मम ॥ ९ ॥
If one’s attachment (āsaktiḥ) to Krishna's service (sevāyāṁ vā) or His stories (kathāyāṁ vā) is deep and firm (dṛḍhā bhavet), then I believe (iti matir mama) that as long as one lives (yāvat jīvaṁ), their devotion will never be destroyed (tasya nāśaḥ na kvā api).
bādha-sambhāvanāyāṁ tu na ekānte vāsaḥ iṣyate । hariḥ tu sarvataḥ rakṣāṁ kariṣyati na saṁśayaḥ ॥ 10 ॥
बाध-संभावनायां तु न एकान्ते वासः इष्यते । हरिः तु सर्वतः रक्षां करिष्यति न संशयः ॥ १० ॥
bādhasambhāvanāyāṁ tu naikānte vāsa iṣyate । haristu sarvato rakṣāṁ kariṣyati na saṁśayaḥ ॥ 10 ॥
बाधसंभावनायां तु नैकांते वास इष्यते । हरिस्तु सर्वतो रक्षां करिष्यति न संशयः ॥ १० ॥
In the face of potential obstacles (bādha-sambhāvanāyāṁ tu), residing in complete isolation (na ekānte vāsaḥ) is not deemed desirable (iṣyate). Without doubt (na saṁśayaḥ), Hari will offer protection (hariḥ tu sarvataḥ rakṣāṁ kariṣyati) in all circumstances.
Thus (iti evaṁ), the profound essence (gūḍha-tattvaṁ) of the divine teachings (bhagavat-śāstraṁ) has been revealed (nirūpitam). Whoever studies this wisdom (yaḥ etat samadhīyīta) will also attain firm and unwavering devotion (tasya api syāt dṛḍhā ratiḥ).
Thus ends the 'Bhakti-vardhinī' composed by Shri Vallabhacharya.